Mammography: Breast cancer screening

Mammography: what is it?

A mammography, a specialized type of medical imaging, is a gynecological diagnostic tool primarily used by women who present with breast lumpsand pain or discharge from the nipples. Although mammography cannot definitively confirm whether an abnormal area is indicative of breast cancer, it plays an essential role in detecting suspicious areas that may require further investigation. In the event of suspected cancer, a breast biopsy may be recommended for a definitive diagnosis.

This process involves the use of low-energy X-rays to examine the human breast for diagnostic and screening purposes, which contributes to the ability to detect tumors.

How does mammography work?

Mammography is an X-ray that provides images of the inside of the breast for organized cancer screening.. During the examination, the breast is placed between two plates that press lightly to obtain clear images. A machine then sends X-rays through the breast to a detector on the other side.

This detector can be a film plate that records images on film, or an electronic detector that sends signals to a computer to create digital images, called mammograms. A radiologist then examines these images to detect problems or anything unusual.

Mammography is very important for examining the breasts and spotting possible problems, such as cancer. Thanks to X-rays, this examination provides a detailed view of the breast, enabling the doctor to make a thorough assessment. It's a crucial step in identifying breast problems early on and helping patients effectively.

What types of mammography are there?

There are two main types of mammogram:

1. Screening mammography Breast examination: This is a regular check-up performed on women without symptoms, to detect any signs of breast cancer early. These checks, usually done annually, are important for spotting problems before they cause symptoms, thus increasing the chances of successful cancer treatment.

2. Diagnostic mammography X-ray: Used for a more precise diagnosis, this method is often recommended after the detection of abnormalities such as a mass or other suspicious changes. It is carried out in a radiology practice, including additional images and aimed at analyzing the area concerned in detail.

Both types of examination are essential in the fight against breast cancer. They provide a thorough assessment of breast health and promote early diagnosis, which is crucial for optimal treatment.

What do the results of a mammogram look like?

These mammography results usually present detailed images of breast tissue, revealing structures such as milk ducts, fatty tissue and blood vessels. Radiologists interpret these images with particular care to identify any suspicious masses, calcifications or other signs that could indicate the presence of breast cancer. This information is crucial for women, as early detection means that further diagnostic measures, such as biopsies, can be quickly initiated if cancer cells are suspected.

These procedures help to confirm or rule out the presence of breast cancer, enabling a suitable treatment plan to be drawn up in good time.

What is digital mammography?

A digital mammography, an evolution of traditional mammography, incorporates the use of digital receivers to capture and store breast images. This technological advance offers more precise image manipulation, enabling referring physicians to zoom, adjust contrast and optimize images. In women, this technology plays a significant role in the early detection of breast abnormalities, helping to reduce breast cancer mortality.

The ability to analyze images in greater depth facilitates accurate interpretation, enabling referring physicians to rapidly initiate appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic measures in cases of suspected breast cancer.

What is tomosynthesis (3D mammography)?

Tomosynthesis, also known as 3D mammography, is an advanced breast imaging technique that provides a three-dimensional view of the breast. This helps pinpoint problems in the breast more accurately, especially when assessing the risk of breast cancer. Unlike conventional 2D mammography, which takes flat images of the breast, tomosynthesis takes several X-ray images from different angles to create a 3D image.

This is particularly useful for spotting anomalies, such as channel changes, that might be difficult to see with conventional methods.

By providing a sharper, more detailed image, 3D mammography greatly improves the early detection of cancer, enabling faster diagnosis and a more effective treatment plan. This method represents a major advance in breast imaging, helping to provide a more accurate and comprehensive approach to breast cancer screening and prevention, while reducing the risk of incorrect results.